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The fundamental toxicity of nicotine lies in its ability to sustain addiction, and it is unlikely that extremely modest changes in nicotine exposure, such as those observed in this study, would have any significant impact on the cigarettes addiction potential

Repeated use alters dopamine receptors, leading to tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and compulsive drug-seeking behavior

I think I started to smoke when I was 12 or 13, Prates previously told Renato Moicano

Archived from the original on 7 February 2018

It would also be valuable to study a wider range of retailers, including smaller independent stores and tobacco specialty shops that arent typically captured in scanner datasets, as well as track outcomes for longer periods of time to see whether any early shifts persist or fade. Pairing sales data with complementary evidence such as interviews with retail staff, compliance checks, and consumer surveys could also help explain how communities adapt, and identify additional support that retailers and enforcement agencies need for smooth implementation, he says.

Beyond the money, winning lawsuits or securing settlements can uncover hidden wrongdoing by forcing companies to disclose records, and they can curb smoking rates by changing how they act, said Rob Cunningham, senior policy analyst with the Canadian Cancer Society, a research and advocacy nonprofit