bpc-157 for autoimmune disease Frontiers Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative

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Mitochondrial alterations in apoptosis

Damage to the endothelial layer of blood vessels, exacerbated by vasoconstrictor substances and binding molecules, leads to the adhesion of leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells to the endothelium, ultimately resulting in congestion within the blood vessel

Microbiome 8 (1), e15

Archives of Microbiology, 162(1-2): 148150 Hesselsoe M, Sorensen J (1999)

What they found: In normal obese mice: AOD-9604 reduced body fat by 21 % vs placebo, hGH by 24 % The AOD-9604 effect was fully dependent on the 3-adrenergic receptor , in knock-out mice no effect The hGH effect was partly independent of 3-AR , in knock-out mice there was still ~10 % fat reduction AOD-9604 did not raise IGF-1 (control level), whereas hGH raised IGF-1 by 80 % No changes in growth, organ weights (except adipose tissue), fasting insulin Why it matters: The study provided the mechanistic basis for AOD-9604 and confirmed the key business hypothesis: it is possible to separate the lipolytic effect of GH from its growth effect