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Integral mechanisms concerning the relative cell resistance to OGD and the molecular basis of KG-mediated neuroprotection are discussed

This calcium surge acts as a critical second messenger, activating downstream kinase cascades, including protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase II, and mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), which phosphorylate ion channels and receptors

As illustrated by the examples discussed throughout this review, the consequences of oxidative stress can manifest in many forms, depending, in part, on the model system under study

Patients' health status was quantified using the Chronic Fatigue Questionnaire at four different time points: Before treatment, and 1, 3 and 6 months after the initiation of treatment

128 Rodenak-KladniewB.MontotoS

J Gen Physiol (2019) 151:1094115