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Hippurate: the natural history of a mammalian-microbial cometabolite

J Res Med Sci

A 2018 review of 11 clinical trials with 251 well-trained athletes found that regular use of L-Carnitine (14 g per day for up to 6 months) improved energy expenditure and physical performance in some athletes

Research shows that carnitine helps fight both mental and physical fatigue, supports healthy cognitive function, and promotes efficient cellular energy metabolism

Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Penn D

(2013, Nature Medicine) found that L-carnitine is metabolized by intestinal microbiota to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a proatherogenic substance associated with increased CVD risk