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This process activates the metabotropic glutamate receptors group II on presynaptic neurons, responsible for inhibiting the synaptic release of glutamate and thereby restoring local extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens [10, 21]

The upregulation of miR-21 in macrophages, the key cells of the inflammatory response in MASLD, has been associated with a systemic inflammatory response and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF, and IL-6 [311]

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